Examining effectual, ineffectual and problematic smartphone use: A qualitative exploration of dependence and management behaviours

Abstract

This qualitative study examines the multifaceted influences that shape effectual, ineffectual, and problematic smartphone use, as well as the strategies individuals employ to manage their smartphone dependence. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT), this research examined how cognitive, motivational, and behavioural factors interact in everyday smartphone engagement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 adult participants, representing diverse occupational backgrounds including students, professionals, and caregivers. Participants were recruited through purposive and convenience s..